Maharashtra

Mumbai · West

Chief Minister

BJP · in office since 2024

Declared figures from the ECI election affidavit (—), via MyNeta/ADR — as declared, not verified. Bars are the original publisher's 0–100 mappings (education mapping; legal: 100 − serious×18 − other×10) — theirs, not ours.

Accountability ratings — by the original publisher

These 0–100 ratings are the original publisher's own, quoted here with their methodology. Audit India computes no score — the same way we carry UNDP's HDI as UNDP's number.

Transparency

38/ 100

the original publisher

How the original publisher computed this ▸

Two CAG findings are carried here, both re-checked against the reports themselves in August 2026: the performance audit of MGNREGS (Report No. 7 of 2025) and the compliance audit of state revenues (Report No. 6 of 2025). The MGNREGS audit finds 8.70 per cent of households that worked getting the full 100 days, ₹2,268 paid against ₹34.85 lakh of unemployment allowance owed, and social audits falling short in 72 to 96 per cent of gram panchayats. The revenue audit finds ₹96.85 crore of tax not recovered before registrations were cancelled. The score stays low for India's wealthiest state.

Officials' Legal Integrity

87/ 100

the original publisher

How the original publisher computed this ▸

10 unique officials with ECI affidavit data counted once each. CM Fadnavis: 2 cases/2 serious → 64; DCM Shinde: 4 cases/2 serious → 44; DCM Sunetra Pawar: 0 cases → 100 (replaced Ajit Pawar who died in a plane crash on 28 Jan 2026; sworn in 31 Jan 2026); Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil: 1 case/1 serious → 82; Girish Mahajan: 1 case/1 serious → 82; Speaker Narvekar, Uday Samant, Chandrakant Patil, Aditi Tatkare, Sudhir Mungantiwar: 0 cases → 100 each. Average: (64+44+100+82+82+100+100+100+100+100) ÷ 10 = 872 ÷ 10 = 87.2, rounded to 87. The Governor is excluded as an appointed position with no ECI affidavit. Provenance note: this score is the original publisher's and is left as published; the Raj Bhavan has since changed hands twice, C. P. Radhakrishnan leaving on election as Vice-President and Jishnu Dev Varma taking office on 10 March 2026. The officials list is the sitting council.

Governance

60/ 100

the original publisher

How the original publisher computed this ▸

Composite: indicators avg (63/100) × 50% + Transparency (38/100) × 25% + Integrity (87/100) × 25% = 31.5 + 9.5 + 21.75 = 62.75; adjusted down to 60 to reflect the Palghar tribal malnutrition crisis, a governance-equity failure within 100 km of India's financial capital, and the state's record on rural employment — 8.70 per cent of working households getting the full 100 days, ₹2,268 paid against ₹34.85 lakh of unemployment allowance owed, and social audits missed in up to 96 per cent of gram panchayats.

Indicators

The 0–100 rings are the original publisher's category scores, in their colour bands — theirs, not ours.

These statistics were carried over from the original publisher, which produced them with a language model rather than compiling them from the publications named beside them. We removed 38 whose figures were absent from the source they credit, and confirmed 45 against theirs. The rest name a publication we have not been able to check them against — read them as the original publisher's figures, not as verified fact.

EconomyGSDP ₹42+ lakh crore — India's #1 state economy; Mumbai is the nation's financial capital6 figures

GSDP 2024-25 (advance estimate, current prices): ~₹42 lakh crore; Maharashtra is India's largest state economy — contributing ~15% of national GDP. It is home to Dalal Street (BSE/NSE), the Reserve Bank of India headquarters, and the country's largest port (JNPA, Navi Mumbai). The Mumbai Metropolitan Region alone generates ~40% of the state's output. Pune adds another ~10% through IT, auto and manufacturing.; Maharashtra Economic Survey 2024-25; MoSPI National Accounts 2024-25
Per-capita NSDP (2023-24 advance estimate): ~₹2.57 lakh; Above the national average of ~₹2.38 lakh but significantly below KA (~₹3.81 lakh) and significantly skewed by Mumbai. Vidarbha's per-capita income is roughly one-third of Mumbai's — the Amravati–Nagpur divide is one of India's widest intra-state income gaps.; Maharashtra Economic Survey 2024-25; DES Maharashtra
GSDP growth rate (2023-24): 7.6%; Maharashtra's growth is driven by financial services (Mumbai BFSI sector), IT-ITES (Pune-Nashik corridor), and pharmaceuticals (largest pharma cluster in India, Aurangabad-Nashik). Agriculture growth was modest at 2.8% — dragged by Marathwada's chronic water deficit.; Maharashtra Economic Survey 2024-25
State's own tax revenue (2023-24): ~₹3.5 lakh crore; Maharashtra collects more own-tax revenue than the next two states combined, making it a critical pillar of India's federal fiscal architecture. GST, stamp duty and petroleum products are the three largest heads. The compliance audit of state revenues (Report No. 6 of 2025) found ₹96.85 crore of tax never recovered from 43 taxpayers whose registrations were cancelled, and a string of stamp duty short-levies including ₹10.50 crore from misclassifying a document and ₹1.89 crore from undervaluing a single Mumbai property.; Maharashtra Budget 2024-25; CAG Report No. 06 of 2025 — State Revenues
Foreign Direct Investment inflows (FY 2023-24): ~₹1.8 lakh crore (~30% of national FDI); Maharashtra consistently attracts the largest share of India's FDI — led by Mumbai's financial infrastructure, Pune's manufacturing and IT base, and Nagpur's growing logistics-aerospace corridor. The Navi Mumbai International Airport (under construction) and the Mumbai-Pune-Hyderabad freight corridor are expected to accelerate this further through 2030.; DPIIT FDI Statistics 2023-24; Invest Maharashtra
Farmer suicides — Vidarbha & Marathwada: ~3,000–3,500 per year (est. 2022-24); Maharashtra consistently records the highest number of farmer suicides in India. Vidarbha's cotton-soybean belt (Amravati, Yavatmal, Akola, Washim) and Marathwada's water-scarce districts (Osmanabad, Latur, Beed) account for over 70% of cases. The crisis reflects debt dependency on private moneylenders, crop insurance failures (only 28% penetration in comparable states) and lack of assured irrigation in dryland farming.; NCRB Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India 2022; Maharashtra Relief and Rehabilitation Department

EducationLiteracy 82.91% — well above national avg; but learning outcomes and Vidarbha-Mumbai divide are unresolved6 figures

Literacy rate (Census 2011): 82.91%; Maharashtra's literacy is among India's highest for a large state — male 88.96%, female 75.87%. The 13-point gender gap is slightly better than KA (~15 pts) but far better than UP (~27 pts). Districts like Gadchiroli (72%), Nandurbar (64%) and Palghar (75%) — all tribal-majority — remain well below the state average, directly linking the tribal malnutrition crisis to educational deprivation.; Census of India 2011; Office of the Registrar General of India
Gross Enrolment Ratio — higher education (AISHE 2021-22): 32.1%; Above the national GER of 28.4% — Maharashtra at 32.1% ranks among the highest for large states. It has the greatest absolute number of colleges (3,700+) and universities (26 state universities) in India. However, engineering college graduate employability remains a structural problem — 60%+ of Maharashtra's engineering graduates are not in direct employment, per AICTE surveys — pointing to a quality-quantity mismatch in higher education expansion.; AISHE 2021-22, Ministry of Education
Primary school learning outcomes — Std V reading (ASER 2023): 55.8% can read Std II text; Better than Karnataka (42.8%) and the national rural average (~49.9%) but still means 44% of Grade 5 rural students in Maharashtra cannot read at the level expected of Grade 2. The gap between Mumbai suburban and Marathwada rural outcomes is especially stark — urban Maharashtra has literacy outcomes comparable to developed nations while rural Marathwada approaches Bihar-level outcomes.; ASER 2023 (Annual Status of Education Report), Pratham
Eklavya Model Residential Schools — tribal districts: Schools contracted for five tribal districts; Eklavya Model Residential Schools serve tribal students in Nashik, Thane, Palghar, Gadchiroli and Nandurbar. No CAG performance audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited figure for how many are operational is carried here.; Ministry of Tribal Affairs, EMRS portal
Post-matric scholarship disbursement — tribal students: A direct line from delayed scholarships to dropout; Maharashtra's tribal students who clear Class 10 and enrol in college depend entirely on post-matric scholarships from the tribal welfare department. The scholarship-to-dropout pipeline is direct: delayed scholarships cause term-fee defaults, which cause discontinuation. No CAG audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited disbursement rate is carried here.; Maharashtra Tribal Development Department
Secondary school dropout rate (UDISE+ 2022-23): ~14%; Higher than KA (~9%) and Arunachal Pradesh. Maharashtra's dropout is concentrated at the Grades 9-10 transition in Vidarbha and Marathwada — districts where farming distress creates household income pressure to pull children into agricultural labour or marriages. Girls' dropout in Beed, Osmanabad and Jalna is particularly acute.; UDISE+ 2022-23, MoE; Maharashtra DISE data

EmploymentUnemployment 3.4% (PLFS 2023-24) — low headline but informal sector dominates; MGNREGS delivering the full 100 days to 8.70% of households that worked5 figures

Unemployment rate (PLFS 2023-24): 3.4%; Maharashtra's headline unemployment is marginally above the national average of 3.2%. However, the figure masks a massive informal sector — ~90% of Maharashtra's 6.2 crore non-farm workforce is employed informally without social security, minimum wage enforcement or job security. The 2023-24 PLFS figures do not capture seasonal agricultural unemployment in Vidarbha and Marathwada.; Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023-24, MoSPI
Labour Force Participation Rate (PLFS 2023-24): ~55%; Lower than KA (67%) — partly explained by Maharashtra's higher urbanisation rate (55% urban), where domestic responsibilities suppress female LFPR. Mumbai and Pune account for a disproportionate share of formal employment, creating a state-wide LFPR that understates rural participation in agriculture and construction.; PLFS 2023-24, MoSPI
MGNREGS — 100-day guarantee fulfilment (CAG PA, 2019-24): 8.70% of households that worked; The CAG performance audit (Report No. 7 of 2025) found that of an average 117.98 lakh households registered, only 21.97 lakh — 19 per cent — demanded work, and 99.73 per cent of those were offered it. But of the 19.65 lakh households that actually worked, only 1.71 lakh — 8.70 per cent — got the full 100 days. About seven per cent of wages were paid late, and ₹35.32 crore of unskilled wages was still unpaid in October 2024.; CAG Report No. 07 of 2025 — MGNREGS, Maharashtra
IT/ITES employment — Mumbai-Pune corridor: ~15 lakh direct; Pune's Hinjewadi, Magarpatta, and Kharadi IT parks, plus Mumbai's BKC and Andheri hubs, employ approximately 15 lakh IT professionals. This is India's second-largest IT employment cluster after Bengaluru. However, it represents only ~2.4% of Maharashtra's total workforce — highly visible but narrow in employment breadth.; NASSCOM Strategic Review 2024; Maharashtra IT/ITeS Policy 2023
Organised sector employment (EPF registrations, 2023-24): ~1.2 crore active contributors; Maharashtra has the highest number of EPF-active workers in any state, reflecting its large formal manufacturing (auto, pharma, garments) and services base. The auto sector alone — Pune MIDC, Aurangabad, Nashik — employs ~4.5 lakh workers in direct manufacturing and ~12 lakh in ancillary units. Yet this is still only 19% of the total workforce; the remaining 81% remain outside formal social security.; EPFO Annual Report 2023-24; CMIE Industry data

HealthMMR 33 — 2nd best in India; but the tribal districts reveal a two-tier healthcare reality6 figures

Infant Mortality Rate (SRS 2022): 17 per 1,000 live births; Below the national average of 27 — Maharashtra's IMR reflects its strong urban hospital infrastructure and ASHA network. However, this aggregates extremely divergent outcomes: tribal districts (Palghar, Gadchiroli, Nandurbar) run far above the state figure, while Mumbai Suburban's IMR is close to 8-10, resembling a European city. No CAG audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited district figure is carried here.; SRS Bulletin 2022, Office of the Registrar General of India
Maternal Mortality Ratio (SRS 2018-20): 33 per 1 lakh live births; Maharashtra's MMR of 33 is the 2nd lowest in India — only Kerala (19) does better. This reflects near-universal institutional deliveries (95.6%, NFHS-5) and a relatively strong obstetric care network in secondary and tertiary hospitals. However, tribal districts — especially Palghar and Gadchiroli — continue to record preventable maternal deaths due to the absence of 24-hour blood transfusion facilities in sub-district hospitals.; SRS Special Bulletin on MMR 2018-20, Registrar General of India
Anaemia in women aged 15–49 (NFHS-5): 53.0%; More than half of reproductive-age women in Maharashtra are anaemic — one of the highest rates for a large state, strikingly inconsistent with Maharashtra's economic rank. This reflects severe dietary iron deficiency in agrarian households of Marathwada and Vidarbha, where vegetarian diets, low food diversity and poor ICDS nutrition supplementation combine to sustain anaemia across generations.; NFHS-5 (2019-21) Maharashtra State Factsheet, MoHFW / IIPS
Child stunting (under-5, NFHS-5): 35.2%; More than one in three children under 5 in Maharashtra is stunted — barely below the national average of 35.5%. The Palghar tribal belt is the epicentre of Maharashtra's child nutrition crisis — located just 100 km from Mumbai, India's wealthiest city.; NFHS-5 (2019-21) Maharashtra State Factsheet, MoHFW / IIPS
Full immunisation coverage (NFHS-5): 76.0%; Marginally below the national average of 76.4%. Maharashtra's immunisation rates are highly uneven: Mumbai achieves near-universal coverage through an extensive ward-level infrastructure, while tribal districts in Nashik, Palghar and Gadchiroli hover at 55-65% due to terrain, habitation dispersal and cold-chain infrastructure gaps.; NFHS-5 (2019-21) Maharashtra State Factsheet, MoHFW / IIPS
Palghar tribal child malnutrition: A nutrition crisis 100 km from Mumbai; Child malnutrition in Palghar's tribal belt has been the subject of repeated reporting, litigation and state committees for more than a decade, and is the starkest expression of Maharashtra's two-tier welfare reality — a district 100 km from India's wealthiest city. No CAG performance audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited malnutrition rate or expenditure figure is carried here.; Maharashtra Tribal Development Department; Integrated Child Development Services

Safety~184 crimes per lakh (NCRB 2022) — below KA but high crimes against women; bridge safety a recurring structural risk5 figures

Total IPC cognizable crimes per lakh (NCRB 2022): ~184; Maharashtra reported ~2,31,000 cognizable crimes in 2022 across ~12.6 crore population — a rate of ~184 per lakh, lower than Karnataka (~278) and well below UP (~350). Mumbai's rate is diluted by its large population; crimes against women and economic offences are disproportionately high in absolute numbers given Maharashtra is India's most populous metro state.; NCRB Crime in India 2022
Crimes against women per lakh (NCRB 2022): ~44; Maharashtra recorded ~55,000 crimes against women in 2022 — 3rd highest in absolute numbers nationally (after UP and Rajasthan). The rate of ~44 per lakh is above Karnataka (~34) and higher than what Maharashtra's development rank would predict. Domestic violence cases are the largest component; Pune and Mumbai record more reported cases due to better FIR registration, while rural Marathwada likely has significant under-reporting.; NCRB Crime in India 2022
Road accident fatalities (MoRTH 2022): ~14,899 deaths (~12 per lakh); Maharashtra recorded 14,899 road accident deaths in 2022 — the 2nd highest absolute count in India after Uttar Pradesh. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway, NH-48 (Mumbai–Bengaluru) and NH-52 (Mumbai–Nagpur Samruddhi) are high-risk corridors. The 2016 Mahad bridge collapse, which killed 28 people, remains the reference point for structural risk on these corridors.; MoRTH Road Accidents in India 2022
Farmer suicide rate — Vidarbha & Marathwada: ~3,000–3,500 per year (est. 2022-24); Maharashtra has reported the highest annual farmer suicide count in India for over two decades. Yavatmal, Amravati, Akola and Washim in Vidarbha collectively account for the majority. The 2022 drought (which affected Marathwada severely), cotton price volatility and private moneylender dependence are the primary drivers. The government's Vidarbha Economic Development Board and debt waivers have not broken the structural cycle.; NCRB Accidental Deaths & Suicides 2022; Maharashtra Agriculture Dept.; Vasantrao Naik Sheti Swavalamban Mission
Bridge safety on state highways: Inspection lapses behind past collapses; The Andheri railway foot overbridge collapse of 2018 and the Mahad bridge failure of 2016, which killed 28 people, both involved structures where inspection had lapsed. Bridge inspection is a legal obligation under the National Buildings Code. Maharashtra's Report No. 5 of 2025 is the performance audit of the Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana, not an audit of the road development corporation, so no audited inspection figure is carried here.; Maharashtra Public Works Department

EnvironmentWestern Ghats UNESCO hotspot vs Marathwada drought crisis; Mumbai's coastal pollution is a national embarrassment6 figures

Forest cover (ISFR 2023): 61,939 sq km — 20.13% of state area; Maharashtra's forests are concentrated in the Western Ghats districts (Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Kolhapur) and Vidarbha (Gadchiroli, Gondia, Chandrapur — home to Tadoba Tiger Reserve). The state lost ~200 sq km of forest between 2021 and 2023 due to infrastructure construction in the Ghats and mining in Vidarbha. The Western Ghats in Maharashtra contain over 1,500 species of flowering plants.; India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023, Forest Survey of India, MoEFCC
Renewable energy installed capacity (2024): ~23 GW (wind + solar + hydro); Maharashtra is among India's top renewable energy states — wind (~7 GW in Dhule, Satara, Ahmednagar), solar (~9 GW in Solapur, Osmanabad) and hydro (~3.5 GW primarily through MWRRA dams). The state aims for 30 GW by 2030 under its Renewable Energy Policy 2020. However, coal-dominated MAHAGENCO still generates ~56% of Maharashtra's power, and the MSEDCL distribution system faces chronic AT&C losses.; KREDL / MEDA Maharashtra Renewable Energy Agency 2024; MAHAGENCO Annual Report
Marathwada drought — chronic water crisis: 8 of 8 districts drought-prone; dam storage <30% in 3 of 5 years; Marathwada (Aurangabad, Latur, Osmanabad, Beed, Nanded, Hingoli, Parbhani, Jalna) is India's most drought-affected administrative division by frequency. Dam storage in Marathwada falls below 30% of capacity in roughly 3 out of 5 years. The Jayakwadi dam — Marathwada's primary reservoir — serves 7,000+ villages but was at 8% capacity as recently as November 2023. Water-train supply (350-400 trains/year during acute drought) remains a recurring emergency expenditure.; Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority (MWRRA); IMD Drought Atlas 2023
Mumbai coastal and river pollution: Mithi river BOD: 45× permissible limit; Versova beach plastic index: critical; The Mithi river — which drains Mumbai's largest informal settlements and flows through Dharavi — carries BOD levels 45 times the permissible limit at its Mahim Creek outfall. Despite ₹1,200 crore spent on the Mithi River Development & Protection Authority since 2005, ecological restoration remains incomplete. Mumbai's coastline generates ~18,000 tonnes of beach plastic waste annually; the Versova beach cleanup (begun 2015 by citizen initiative) has removed over 5,000 MT but upstream plastic generation continues.; MPCB Annual Water Quality Report 2023; NMCG Mithi River Status 2024
Industrial pollution — MIDC estates and Tarapur: Maharashtra accounted for 42% of India's industrial effluent volume (CPCB 2022); Maharashtra's MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation) manages 287 industrial estates including Tarapur, Ambernath, Thane–Belapur, Taloja, and Butibori. These collectively discharge the largest volume of industrial effluent in India. Tarapur MIDC (North Mumbai) and Lote Parshuram (Ratnagiri) have repeatedly exceeded CPCB permitted discharge norms. The Ulhas river, which drains several MIDC estates near Ambernath, is one of India's most polluted rivers.; CPCB Industrial Effluent Annual Report 2022; Maharashtra Pollution Control Board 2023
Air quality — Mumbai and Pune (2023-24): Mumbai annual avg PM2.5: ~42 µg/m³; Pune: ~45 µg/m³ (Unhealthy); Both Mumbai and Pune exceed WHO guidelines (5 µg/m³) by 8-9×. Construction dust from mega-infrastructure projects (Mumbai Metro Lines 2A, 7, 3; Thane Ring Road; Nagpur Metro), combined with 35 lakh two-wheelers and diesel trucks, drives particulate pollution. Air quality in Mumbai worsens significantly November–February when temperature inversions trap pollutants over the coastal city.; CPCB Air Quality data 2023-24; IQAir Maharashtra City Rankings 2024

Office-holders

Figures below are as declared by each individual in their own ECI or Rajya Sabha affidavit. We report them; we do not score them. The small bars under education are the original publisher's 0–100 mapping of the declared qualification — their construct, not a measurement of ours.

Name	Office	Party · since	Declared cases	Declared qualification	Affidavit
DFDevendra Fadnavis	Chief Minister	BJP· 2024	—	—	—
JDJishnu Dev Varma	Governor	—	—	—	—
RNRahul Narvekar	Speaker, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly	BJP· 2022	—	—	—
SPSunetra Pawar	Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for State Excise, Sports & Youth Welfare and Minority Development & Aukaf	NCP· January 2026	—	—	—
RVRadhakrishna Vikhe Patil	Minister for Revenue & Agriculture	BJP· 2024	—	—	—
ESEknath Shinde	Deputy Chief Minister & Minister for Urban Development and Public Works	SHS· 2024	—	—	—
USUday Samant	Minister for Industries, Large & Medium Enterprises	SHS· December 2024	—	—	—
GMGirish Mahajan	Minister for Water Supply & Sanitation; Rural Development; Jal Jeevan Mission	BJP· December 2024	—	—	—
ATAditi Tatkare	Minister for Women & Child Development	NCP· 2024	—	—	—
CPChandrakant Patil	Minister for Higher & Technical Education	BJP· December 2024	—	—	—
SMSudhir Mungantiwar	Minister for Forest, Cultural Affairs & Fisheries	BJP· December 2024	—	—	—

What the CAG found in this state (2)

Findings from CAG audit reports on schemes as they ran in this state, quoted with their report references. We add no grade of our own.

MGNREGS — Rural Employment Guarantee, MaharashtraReport No. 7 of 2025 (Performance Audit) · 2025
Demand for work, days delivered and what workers were owed, 2019-20 to 2023-24
Of an average 117.98 lakh households registered under MGNREGS in Maharashtra, only 21.97 lakh — 19 per cent — demanded work at all. Of those, 99.73 per cent were offered employment. But of the 19.65 lakh households that actually worked, only 1.71 lakh — 8.70 per cent — got the full 100 days. The state has never conducted the baseline survey the scheme requires to assess how much work will be demanded and when.
What the audit measured
NREGASoft computed ₹34.85 lakh of unemployment allowance owed for failure to provide work over 2019-24; of that, ₹2,268 was paid. ₹5.88 crore of compensation for delayed wages was rejected by joint programme officers on grounds the Act does not provide for. Wages of ₹35.32 crore to unskilled workers were still unpaid in October 2024, and pending liability for skilled wages, material and taxes stood at ₹541.92 crore. Of 25.72 lakh works approved, 5.03 lakh were incomplete and 7.10 lakh had not started; another 3.03 lakh from before 2019-20 were still incomplete. Social audits fell short in 72 to 96 per cent of gram panchayats each year, and of ₹11.22 crore flagged in 1,084 misappropriation cases, recovery in 314 cases worth ₹4.44 crore was still pending.
Read this report in our archive →
State Revenues — Stamp Duty, GST and ExciseReport No. 6 of 2025 (Compliance Audit) · 2025
Whether tax due to the State was assessed and collected, period ended March 2023
Maharashtra cancelled the GST registrations of 43 of 51 taxpayers examined — 32 of them classified as non-genuine and cancelled from inception — but the tax officers never took cognisance of the supplies those taxpayers had made in the intervening period, nor recovered what was due before cancelling. The audit puts the tax not recovered at ₹96.85 crore, plus interest.
What the audit measured
Five taxpayers who filed nil returns were shown by their own e-way bills to have made taxable supplies, making ₹3.53 crore recoverable. Nine more generated e-way bills for goods worth ₹4.90 crore without filing returns at all. In seven of 18 cross-state e-way bills examined, goods worth ₹10.59 crore never reached Maharashtra, leaving ₹1.56 crore of tax unverifiable. On stamp duty, misclassifying a document as an article of agreement cost ₹10.50 crore; undervaluing a single Mumbai property — assessed at ₹62.28 crore against a market value of ₹100.11 crore — cost ₹1.89 crore; an irregular one per cent concession cost ₹1.50 crore; and treating a renewable ten-year licence as a five-year one cost ₹29.71 lakh.
Read this report in our archive →

Election promises

The promises and their delivery status come from the original publisher and are their assessment, not ours. They cite a party's homepage rather than a manifesto, so what was promised cannot be checked from the citation given. Audit India has verified neither the wording nor the status.

BJP · 2024Mahayuti Sankalp Patra 20242✓6~3✗◌ graded, evidence not yet sourced11 promises

Women & Social Welfare

Ladki Bahin Yojana: increase monthly assistance to ₹2,100 for eligible women
Partly delivered
Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana launched pre-election July 2024 at ₹1,500/month — credited as a decisive factor in Mahayuti's landslide win. As of mid-2026, the promised ₹2,100 rate has not been implemented; 2.34 crore beneficiaries continue at ₹1,500. Budget strain (~₹46,000 crore/year at ₹2,100) cited for the delay.
Three free LPG cylinders per year for every eligible household
Not delivered
Announced as a supplement to PM Ujjwala beneficiaries. Implementation modalities not finalised; no cylinders delivered under this specific promise as of mid-2026. Existing PM Ujjwala subsidy continues separately through central government.

Agriculture & Farmers

Farm loan waiver up to ₹2 lakh for all eligible Maharashtra farmers
Not delivered
Promised prominently in 2024 manifesto. No new comprehensive ₹2 lakh waiver programme launched by mid-2026; Mahayuti continued earlier limited schemes. Maharashtra has a history of incomplete farm debt relief; the 2017 waiver of ₹34,000 crore was still being processed years after it was announced.
Stabilise onion, soybean and cotton prices via dedicated state intervention fund
Partly delivered
Maharashtra continued NAFED-linked procurement for onions and cotton MSP support. However onion prices crashed below ₹1,000/quintal in early 2025 triggering farmer protests, and soybean MSP lagged cost of production. No dedicated state price-stability fund created as specifically promised.
Namo Shetkari Mahasanman Nidhi: ₹6,000/year direct income support to all farmer families
Delivered
Launched June 2023 (pre-election). ₹6,000/year in 3 instalments of ₹2,000 to 1.15 crore farmer families as a state supplement to PM-KISAN (so eligible farmers get ₹12,000/year combined). DBT to Aadhaar-linked accounts. GoMH expenditure ~₹6,900 crore/year. Widely credited alongside Ladki Bahin for Mahayuti's landslide November 2024 win. Among India's highest direct farmer income support by a state government.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Complete Mumbai Metro Lines 3 and fast-track Lines 9, 12, 14
Partly delivered
Metro Line 3 (Aqua Line — Aarey–BKC–Cuffe Parade, 33.5 km) opened December 2024 under Mahayuti — a major milestone. Lines 2A and 7 operational since 2022. Lines 9, 12, 14 remain in pre-construction or early tender stage; no significant acceleration visible.
Mumbai Coastal Road Phase 2: extend northward to Kandivali
Partly delivered
Phase 1 (Marine Drive–Worli, 10.58 km) opened March 2024. Phase 2 DPR approved for northward extension (~20 km to Kandivali); land acquisition and tendering underway. Completion expected 2027-28.

Economy & Employment

Create 1 crore employment and livelihood opportunities within the term
Partly delivered
Magnetic Maharashtra 2023 summit drew ₹3.37 lakh crore in investment pledges (2,500+ MoUs). Formal employment growth attributable to state policy by 2026 estimated at 15–20 lakh — well short of 1 crore headline target. EV manufacturing, semiconductor and data-centre investments announced but in early stages.
Mukhyamantri Yuva Karya Prashikshan Yojana: ₹10,000/month stipend for 10 lakh unemployed youth aged 18–35
Partly delivered
Announced pre-election October 2024; formally launched in phased manner from mid-2025. State pays ₹6,000/month, industry co-contributes ₹4,000 for a 6-month on-the-job training stipend. Target of 10 lakh beneficiaries. By mid-2026 approximately 2.8 lakh youth enrolled — industry participation uneven, with large corporates engaged but MSME uptake lagging. Critics note the scheme functions as a wage subsidy rather than structured skill training.

Food Security

Mukhyamantri Annapurna Yojana: free food grain (rice/wheat) for 52 lakh families outside NFSA coverage
Delivered
Launched October 2023 as a state supplement to the National Food Security Act (NFSA). Targets ~52 lakh families who hold yellow ration cards but fall outside NFSA entitlement; provides 5 kg of rice or wheat per member per month at no cost. GoMH annual expenditure ~₹6,500 crore. Scheme expanded in 2024 budget ahead of elections. Distribution through fair-price shops (PDS network); beneficiary identification linked to Aadhaar. Widely credited as a key welfare plank in Mahayuti's 2024 election campaign.

Reservation & Social Justice

Implement Maratha reservation in jobs and education; restore OBC quota in local body elections
Not delivered
Maratha reservation (10% under SEBC Act 2024) remains under Supreme Court challenge as of mid-2026; stay on implementation upheld. The SC's 2021 judgment striking down the earlier SEBC Act (2018) has not been reversed; central government's request to include Marathas in OBC list pending at NCBC. OBC reservation in local bodies struck down by SC in 2021 (Vikas Kishan Gawali case) — constitutional amendment required to restore it, which the Centre has not tabled. Manoj Jarange-Patil-led agitation continued into 2026. This was the most politically charged promise in the Mahayuti manifesto and remains entirely unresolved.

SS · 2019MVA Maharashtra Governance Agenda 20192✓8~2✗◌ graded, evidence not yet sourced12 promises

Agriculture & Farmers

Complete farm loan waiver for all distressed Maharashtra farmers
Partly delivered
MVA (Nov 2019–June 2022) extended processing of the 2017 BJP farm loan waiver (₹34,000 crore) for remaining eligible farmers; ~18 lakh additional cases processed. Government collapsed in June 2022 before full implementation. No CAG audit of the 2017 farm loan waiver has been published, so no audited figure for ineligible or duplicate payments is carried here.
Remunerative prices for onion, cotton and soybean farmers via state mechanism
Not delivered
Onion prices crashed to ₹1/kg in November 2019 — within weeks of MVA taking office. NAFED procurement was deployed but volumes inadequate. Price crashes recurred in 2021. MVA failed to create a functional state price-stabilisation mechanism. Farmer distress remained acute in Nashik, Sangli and Marathwada throughout the term.

Environment & Urban

Cancel Aarey Metro car shed; protect 2,700 trees in Aarey Colony
Partly delivered
Uddhav Thackeray's first act (Nov 2019): stopped Aarey tree-felling, cancelled car shed, shifted to Kanjurmarg. Shinde government reversed the decision in June 2022, reverted to Aarey with Supreme Court allowing resumption. The promise was honoured during MVA's tenure but subsequently undone by the successor government.
Accelerate Mumbai Metro Phase 3 (Aqua Line) without further delays
Partly delivered
Line 3 construction continued but Kanjurmarg car-shed dispute (land ownership contest between Centre and Maharashtra) added ~18 months of delays. Supreme Court intervened. Line 3 ultimately opened in December 2024 under Mahayuti — nearly 4 years after the original 2020 target.

Women & Governance

Maharashtra Shakti Act: death penalty for rape, fast-track courts for women's crimes
Delivered
Maharashtra Shakti Criminal Law (Maharashtra Amendment) Act 2020 passed — provides death penalty or life imprisonment for aggravated rape and acid attacks; mandatory fast-track courts in each district. Passed with support of all parties. Considered MVA's most significant legislative achievement in its 2.5-year term.

Healthcare

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya Yojana: expand health insurance to ₹5 lakh for all Maharashtra families
Delivered
MVA government enhanced MJPJAY (earlier Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana) cover from ₹1.5 lakh to ₹5 lakh per family (April 2020), coinciding with COVID-19. 2.23 crore BPL and vulnerable families covered across 1,015+ government and private hospitals. Post-COVID cancer, cardiac and dialysis treatments especially benefited. Scheme merged with Ayushman Bharat in districts not covered under MJPJAY; GoMH contribution ~₹2,800 crore/year.

Governance & Employment

Fill 75,000 vacant state government posts; expedite Maharashtra Public Service Commission recruitments
Partly delivered
MVA government initiated recruitment drives across education, health, police and revenue departments. COVID-19 (2020–21) severely disrupted MPSC exam schedules — exams postponed, answer-key controversies, court stays. Approximately 35,000–40,000 posts filled during the 2.5-year term, well short of 75,000. Backlog of unfilled positions handed over to Shinde government in 2022. MPSC reforms (new exam pattern, normalisation) announced but implementation incomplete.

Rural Development & Irrigation

Marathwada water grid and Vidarbha irrigation package: complete stalled irrigation projects; end farm distress
Partly delivered
MVA revived the Marathwada Water Grid (linking Jayakwadi, Majalgaon and Sina-Kolegaon reservoirs) with fresh tenders after years of stalling; work progressed but completion deferred to 2024+. The Vidarbha Irrigation Backlog Authority (VIDB) received fresh allocations (~₹4,800 crore over MVA's tenure) — 38 projects advanced. The irrigation scam that preceded the MVA — the charge that very large sums spent on irrigation since 1999 barely moved net irrigated area — is not attributed to a CAG report here, because no such report is held. The structural problem was not resolved in 2.5 years; farmer suicides in Vidarbha continued at ~1,200/year through the MVA term.

Women Empowerment

Sakhi Mandal SHG programme: ₹1 lakh revolving credit to all women self-help groups; 10 lakh new SHG members
Partly delivered
MVA expanded the Umeed Mission (Maharashtra State Rural Livelihoods Mission) SHG network. Credit linkage to banks improved; ~6.8 lakh SHGs active by 2022 (up from 5.4 lakh in 2019). However the ₹1 lakh revolving credit target was met for only ~60% of groups; rural bank NPA concerns and COVID disruptions slowed new disbursements. The 10 lakh new member target was approximately 70% achieved. Progress was genuine but short of promises.

COVID-19 Response — Maharashtra

Effective pandemic management; protect Mumbai's health infrastructure; no hospital profiteering
Partly delivered
Maharashtra was India's worst COVID-affected state in both waves. First wave (2020): Mumbai's Dharavi — one of Asia's densest slums — was successfully contained through aggressive contact tracing, quarantining and door-to-door testing (the "Dharavi Model" was internationally cited). Peak first-wave daily cases: 11,000 (Maharashtra, July 2020) — highest in India. Official death toll: 1,47,855 (India's highest by state). Second wave (March-May 2021): hospitals overwhelmed; patients on roads outside BJ Government Hospital Pune; Nashik oxygen tanker leak (April 21, 2021) killed 24 ICU patients. Uddhav government imposed strict lockdowns — economically painful, kept numbers from being worse. Private hospital overcharging scandal: BMC and district courts received 12,000+ overcharging complaints. MJPJAY capping helped reduce some bills. No CAG audit of Maharashtra's Covid relief spending has been published, so no audited figure for procurement irregularities is carried here. Uddhav resigned June 29, 2022 — two months into India's worst COVID third-wave decline period.

MVA Political Collapse — Shinde Rebellion

Form a stable MVA government for the full 5-year term through alliance consensus
Not delivered
The MVA government (Shiv Sena + NCP + Congress, November 2019 – June 2022) lasted only 2 years 7 months — it collapsed when CM Uddhav Thackeray lost the Shiv Sena MLAs to a rebellion led by Eknath Shinde. Timeline: June 21, 2022 — 40+ Shiv Sena MLAs flew to Guwahati (BJP-ruled Assam) supporting Shinde. June 29, 2022 — Uddhav Thackeray resigned as CM and also vacated the official CM residence Varsha (an emotional moment — he had been a COVID patient himself). June 30, 2022 — Shinde sworn in as CM with Devendra Fadnavis as Deputy CM. Supreme Court later (November 2023) ruled the Shinde faction was "not unlawful" but refused to restore MVA; it allowed the 7th Schedule issue (Tenth Schedule anti-defection) to continue without compelling restoration of MVA. Election Commission recognised the Shinde faction as "official" Shiv Sena in February 2023, dealing a body blow to Uddhav. In November 2024 elections, Shinde's Sena won 57 seats vs Uddhav's Sena winning only 20 seats — vindicating Shinde's gamble. The MVA's policy promises were rendered impossible to fulfil when the government collapsed 2.5 years early.

Irrigation & Farmers — Marathwada and Vidarbha

Audit and complete irrigation projects; tackle the legacy of Maharashtra's irrigation scandal
Partly delivered
The Maharashtra irrigation scandal — the charge that very large sums spent on irrigation between 1999 and 2012 raised net irrigated area by a fraction of a per cent — was associated with NCP's Ajit Pawar, then Deputy Chief Minister and Irrigation Minister, and the MVA government, which included him, inherited the liability. The Annual Technical Inspection Report for 2021-22 covers local bodies, not irrigation, so the figures once attributed to it here — a count of incomplete Marathwada projects, their value and their cost overrun — are not carried. Farmer suicide rates in Vidarbha and Marathwada remained above 3,000 per year through the MVA term — the irrigation deficit being a root cause. MVA allocated ₹4,800 crore to VIDB but structural reforms were not implemented.

Audit record

2 CAG reports

Accountability ratings — by the original publisher

These 0–100 ratings are the original publisher's own, quoted here with their methodology. Audit India computes no score — the same way we carry UNDP's HDI as UNDP's number.

Transparency

38/ 100

the original publisher

How the original publisher computed this ▸

Officials' Legal Integrity

87/ 100

the original publisher

How the original publisher computed this ▸

Governance

60/ 100

the original publisher

How the original publisher computed this ▸

Indicators

The 0–100 rings are the original publisher's category scores, in their colour bands — theirs, not ours.

EconomyGSDP ₹42+ lakh crore — India's #1 state economy; Mumbai is the nation's financial capital6 figures

GSDP 2024-25 (advance estimate, current prices): ~₹42 lakh crore; Maharashtra is India's largest state economy — contributing ~15% of national GDP. It is home to Dalal Street (BSE/NSE), the Reserve Bank of India headquarters, and the country's largest port (JNPA, Navi Mumbai). The Mumbai Metropolitan Region alone generates ~40% of the state's output. Pune adds another ~10% through IT, auto and manufacturing.; Maharashtra Economic Survey 2024-25; MoSPI National Accounts 2024-25
Per-capita NSDP (2023-24 advance estimate): ~₹2.57 lakh; Above the national average of ~₹2.38 lakh but significantly below KA (~₹3.81 lakh) and significantly skewed by Mumbai. Vidarbha's per-capita income is roughly one-third of Mumbai's — the Amravati–Nagpur divide is one of India's widest intra-state income gaps.; Maharashtra Economic Survey 2024-25; DES Maharashtra
GSDP growth rate (2023-24): 7.6%; Maharashtra's growth is driven by financial services (Mumbai BFSI sector), IT-ITES (Pune-Nashik corridor), and pharmaceuticals (largest pharma cluster in India, Aurangabad-Nashik). Agriculture growth was modest at 2.8% — dragged by Marathwada's chronic water deficit.; Maharashtra Economic Survey 2024-25
State's own tax revenue (2023-24): ~₹3.5 lakh crore; Maharashtra collects more own-tax revenue than the next two states combined, making it a critical pillar of India's federal fiscal architecture. GST, stamp duty and petroleum products are the three largest heads. The compliance audit of state revenues (Report No. 6 of 2025) found ₹96.85 crore of tax never recovered from 43 taxpayers whose registrations were cancelled, and a string of stamp duty short-levies including ₹10.50 crore from misclassifying a document and ₹1.89 crore from undervaluing a single Mumbai property.; Maharashtra Budget 2024-25; CAG Report No. 06 of 2025 — State Revenues
Foreign Direct Investment inflows (FY 2023-24): ~₹1.8 lakh crore (~30% of national FDI); Maharashtra consistently attracts the largest share of India's FDI — led by Mumbai's financial infrastructure, Pune's manufacturing and IT base, and Nagpur's growing logistics-aerospace corridor. The Navi Mumbai International Airport (under construction) and the Mumbai-Pune-Hyderabad freight corridor are expected to accelerate this further through 2030.; DPIIT FDI Statistics 2023-24; Invest Maharashtra
Farmer suicides — Vidarbha & Marathwada: ~3,000–3,500 per year (est. 2022-24); Maharashtra consistently records the highest number of farmer suicides in India. Vidarbha's cotton-soybean belt (Amravati, Yavatmal, Akola, Washim) and Marathwada's water-scarce districts (Osmanabad, Latur, Beed) account for over 70% of cases. The crisis reflects debt dependency on private moneylenders, crop insurance failures (only 28% penetration in comparable states) and lack of assured irrigation in dryland farming.; NCRB Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India 2022; Maharashtra Relief and Rehabilitation Department

EducationLiteracy 82.91% — well above national avg; but learning outcomes and Vidarbha-Mumbai divide are unresolved6 figures

Literacy rate (Census 2011): 82.91%; Maharashtra's literacy is among India's highest for a large state — male 88.96%, female 75.87%. The 13-point gender gap is slightly better than KA (~15 pts) but far better than UP (~27 pts). Districts like Gadchiroli (72%), Nandurbar (64%) and Palghar (75%) — all tribal-majority — remain well below the state average, directly linking the tribal malnutrition crisis to educational deprivation.; Census of India 2011; Office of the Registrar General of India
Gross Enrolment Ratio — higher education (AISHE 2021-22): 32.1%; Above the national GER of 28.4% — Maharashtra at 32.1% ranks among the highest for large states. It has the greatest absolute number of colleges (3,700+) and universities (26 state universities) in India. However, engineering college graduate employability remains a structural problem — 60%+ of Maharashtra's engineering graduates are not in direct employment, per AICTE surveys — pointing to a quality-quantity mismatch in higher education expansion.; AISHE 2021-22, Ministry of Education
Primary school learning outcomes — Std V reading (ASER 2023): 55.8% can read Std II text; Better than Karnataka (42.8%) and the national rural average (~49.9%) but still means 44% of Grade 5 rural students in Maharashtra cannot read at the level expected of Grade 2. The gap between Mumbai suburban and Marathwada rural outcomes is especially stark — urban Maharashtra has literacy outcomes comparable to developed nations while rural Marathwada approaches Bihar-level outcomes.; ASER 2023 (Annual Status of Education Report), Pratham
Eklavya Model Residential Schools — tribal districts: Schools contracted for five tribal districts; Eklavya Model Residential Schools serve tribal students in Nashik, Thane, Palghar, Gadchiroli and Nandurbar. No CAG performance audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited figure for how many are operational is carried here.; Ministry of Tribal Affairs, EMRS portal
Post-matric scholarship disbursement — tribal students: A direct line from delayed scholarships to dropout; Maharashtra's tribal students who clear Class 10 and enrol in college depend entirely on post-matric scholarships from the tribal welfare department. The scholarship-to-dropout pipeline is direct: delayed scholarships cause term-fee defaults, which cause discontinuation. No CAG audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited disbursement rate is carried here.; Maharashtra Tribal Development Department
Secondary school dropout rate (UDISE+ 2022-23): ~14%; Higher than KA (~9%) and Arunachal Pradesh. Maharashtra's dropout is concentrated at the Grades 9-10 transition in Vidarbha and Marathwada — districts where farming distress creates household income pressure to pull children into agricultural labour or marriages. Girls' dropout in Beed, Osmanabad and Jalna is particularly acute.; UDISE+ 2022-23, MoE; Maharashtra DISE data

EmploymentUnemployment 3.4% (PLFS 2023-24) — low headline but informal sector dominates; MGNREGS delivering the full 100 days to 8.70% of households that worked5 figures

Unemployment rate (PLFS 2023-24): 3.4%; Maharashtra's headline unemployment is marginally above the national average of 3.2%. However, the figure masks a massive informal sector — ~90% of Maharashtra's 6.2 crore non-farm workforce is employed informally without social security, minimum wage enforcement or job security. The 2023-24 PLFS figures do not capture seasonal agricultural unemployment in Vidarbha and Marathwada.; Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023-24, MoSPI
Labour Force Participation Rate (PLFS 2023-24): ~55%; Lower than KA (67%) — partly explained by Maharashtra's higher urbanisation rate (55% urban), where domestic responsibilities suppress female LFPR. Mumbai and Pune account for a disproportionate share of formal employment, creating a state-wide LFPR that understates rural participation in agriculture and construction.; PLFS 2023-24, MoSPI
MGNREGS — 100-day guarantee fulfilment (CAG PA, 2019-24): 8.70% of households that worked; The CAG performance audit (Report No. 7 of 2025) found that of an average 117.98 lakh households registered, only 21.97 lakh — 19 per cent — demanded work, and 99.73 per cent of those were offered it. But of the 19.65 lakh households that actually worked, only 1.71 lakh — 8.70 per cent — got the full 100 days. About seven per cent of wages were paid late, and ₹35.32 crore of unskilled wages was still unpaid in October 2024.; CAG Report No. 07 of 2025 — MGNREGS, Maharashtra
IT/ITES employment — Mumbai-Pune corridor: ~15 lakh direct; Pune's Hinjewadi, Magarpatta, and Kharadi IT parks, plus Mumbai's BKC and Andheri hubs, employ approximately 15 lakh IT professionals. This is India's second-largest IT employment cluster after Bengaluru. However, it represents only ~2.4% of Maharashtra's total workforce — highly visible but narrow in employment breadth.; NASSCOM Strategic Review 2024; Maharashtra IT/ITeS Policy 2023
Organised sector employment (EPF registrations, 2023-24): ~1.2 crore active contributors; Maharashtra has the highest number of EPF-active workers in any state, reflecting its large formal manufacturing (auto, pharma, garments) and services base. The auto sector alone — Pune MIDC, Aurangabad, Nashik — employs ~4.5 lakh workers in direct manufacturing and ~12 lakh in ancillary units. Yet this is still only 19% of the total workforce; the remaining 81% remain outside formal social security.; EPFO Annual Report 2023-24; CMIE Industry data

HealthMMR 33 — 2nd best in India; but the tribal districts reveal a two-tier healthcare reality6 figures

Infant Mortality Rate (SRS 2022): 17 per 1,000 live births; Below the national average of 27 — Maharashtra's IMR reflects its strong urban hospital infrastructure and ASHA network. However, this aggregates extremely divergent outcomes: tribal districts (Palghar, Gadchiroli, Nandurbar) run far above the state figure, while Mumbai Suburban's IMR is close to 8-10, resembling a European city. No CAG audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited district figure is carried here.; SRS Bulletin 2022, Office of the Registrar General of India
Maternal Mortality Ratio (SRS 2018-20): 33 per 1 lakh live births; Maharashtra's MMR of 33 is the 2nd lowest in India — only Kerala (19) does better. This reflects near-universal institutional deliveries (95.6%, NFHS-5) and a relatively strong obstetric care network in secondary and tertiary hospitals. However, tribal districts — especially Palghar and Gadchiroli — continue to record preventable maternal deaths due to the absence of 24-hour blood transfusion facilities in sub-district hospitals.; SRS Special Bulletin on MMR 2018-20, Registrar General of India
Anaemia in women aged 15–49 (NFHS-5): 53.0%; More than half of reproductive-age women in Maharashtra are anaemic — one of the highest rates for a large state, strikingly inconsistent with Maharashtra's economic rank. This reflects severe dietary iron deficiency in agrarian households of Marathwada and Vidarbha, where vegetarian diets, low food diversity and poor ICDS nutrition supplementation combine to sustain anaemia across generations.; NFHS-5 (2019-21) Maharashtra State Factsheet, MoHFW / IIPS
Child stunting (under-5, NFHS-5): 35.2%; More than one in three children under 5 in Maharashtra is stunted — barely below the national average of 35.5%. The Palghar tribal belt is the epicentre of Maharashtra's child nutrition crisis — located just 100 km from Mumbai, India's wealthiest city.; NFHS-5 (2019-21) Maharashtra State Factsheet, MoHFW / IIPS
Full immunisation coverage (NFHS-5): 76.0%; Marginally below the national average of 76.4%. Maharashtra's immunisation rates are highly uneven: Mumbai achieves near-universal coverage through an extensive ward-level infrastructure, while tribal districts in Nashik, Palghar and Gadchiroli hover at 55-65% due to terrain, habitation dispersal and cold-chain infrastructure gaps.; NFHS-5 (2019-21) Maharashtra State Factsheet, MoHFW / IIPS
Palghar tribal child malnutrition: A nutrition crisis 100 km from Mumbai; Child malnutrition in Palghar's tribal belt has been the subject of repeated reporting, litigation and state committees for more than a decade, and is the starkest expression of Maharashtra's two-tier welfare reality — a district 100 km from India's wealthiest city. No CAG performance audit of tribal welfare in Maharashtra has been published, so no audited malnutrition rate or expenditure figure is carried here.; Maharashtra Tribal Development Department; Integrated Child Development Services

Safety~184 crimes per lakh (NCRB 2022) — below KA but high crimes against women; bridge safety a recurring structural risk5 figures

Total IPC cognizable crimes per lakh (NCRB 2022): ~184; Maharashtra reported ~2,31,000 cognizable crimes in 2022 across ~12.6 crore population — a rate of ~184 per lakh, lower than Karnataka (~278) and well below UP (~350). Mumbai's rate is diluted by its large population; crimes against women and economic offences are disproportionately high in absolute numbers given Maharashtra is India's most populous metro state.; NCRB Crime in India 2022
Crimes against women per lakh (NCRB 2022): ~44; Maharashtra recorded ~55,000 crimes against women in 2022 — 3rd highest in absolute numbers nationally (after UP and Rajasthan). The rate of ~44 per lakh is above Karnataka (~34) and higher than what Maharashtra's development rank would predict. Domestic violence cases are the largest component; Pune and Mumbai record more reported cases due to better FIR registration, while rural Marathwada likely has significant under-reporting.; NCRB Crime in India 2022
Road accident fatalities (MoRTH 2022): ~14,899 deaths (~12 per lakh); Maharashtra recorded 14,899 road accident deaths in 2022 — the 2nd highest absolute count in India after Uttar Pradesh. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway, NH-48 (Mumbai–Bengaluru) and NH-52 (Mumbai–Nagpur Samruddhi) are high-risk corridors. The 2016 Mahad bridge collapse, which killed 28 people, remains the reference point for structural risk on these corridors.; MoRTH Road Accidents in India 2022
Farmer suicide rate — Vidarbha & Marathwada: ~3,000–3,500 per year (est. 2022-24); Maharashtra has reported the highest annual farmer suicide count in India for over two decades. Yavatmal, Amravati, Akola and Washim in Vidarbha collectively account for the majority. The 2022 drought (which affected Marathwada severely), cotton price volatility and private moneylender dependence are the primary drivers. The government's Vidarbha Economic Development Board and debt waivers have not broken the structural cycle.; NCRB Accidental Deaths & Suicides 2022; Maharashtra Agriculture Dept.; Vasantrao Naik Sheti Swavalamban Mission
Bridge safety on state highways: Inspection lapses behind past collapses; The Andheri railway foot overbridge collapse of 2018 and the Mahad bridge failure of 2016, which killed 28 people, both involved structures where inspection had lapsed. Bridge inspection is a legal obligation under the National Buildings Code. Maharashtra's Report No. 5 of 2025 is the performance audit of the Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana, not an audit of the road development corporation, so no audited inspection figure is carried here.; Maharashtra Public Works Department

EnvironmentWestern Ghats UNESCO hotspot vs Marathwada drought crisis; Mumbai's coastal pollution is a national embarrassment6 figures

Forest cover (ISFR 2023): 61,939 sq km — 20.13% of state area; Maharashtra's forests are concentrated in the Western Ghats districts (Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Kolhapur) and Vidarbha (Gadchiroli, Gondia, Chandrapur — home to Tadoba Tiger Reserve). The state lost ~200 sq km of forest between 2021 and 2023 due to infrastructure construction in the Ghats and mining in Vidarbha. The Western Ghats in Maharashtra contain over 1,500 species of flowering plants.; India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023, Forest Survey of India, MoEFCC
Renewable energy installed capacity (2024): ~23 GW (wind + solar + hydro); Maharashtra is among India's top renewable energy states — wind (~7 GW in Dhule, Satara, Ahmednagar), solar (~9 GW in Solapur, Osmanabad) and hydro (~3.5 GW primarily through MWRRA dams). The state aims for 30 GW by 2030 under its Renewable Energy Policy 2020. However, coal-dominated MAHAGENCO still generates ~56% of Maharashtra's power, and the MSEDCL distribution system faces chronic AT&C losses.; KREDL / MEDA Maharashtra Renewable Energy Agency 2024; MAHAGENCO Annual Report
Marathwada drought — chronic water crisis: 8 of 8 districts drought-prone; dam storage <30% in 3 of 5 years; Marathwada (Aurangabad, Latur, Osmanabad, Beed, Nanded, Hingoli, Parbhani, Jalna) is India's most drought-affected administrative division by frequency. Dam storage in Marathwada falls below 30% of capacity in roughly 3 out of 5 years. The Jayakwadi dam — Marathwada's primary reservoir — serves 7,000+ villages but was at 8% capacity as recently as November 2023. Water-train supply (350-400 trains/year during acute drought) remains a recurring emergency expenditure.; Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority (MWRRA); IMD Drought Atlas 2023
Mumbai coastal and river pollution: Mithi river BOD: 45× permissible limit; Versova beach plastic index: critical; The Mithi river — which drains Mumbai's largest informal settlements and flows through Dharavi — carries BOD levels 45 times the permissible limit at its Mahim Creek outfall. Despite ₹1,200 crore spent on the Mithi River Development & Protection Authority since 2005, ecological restoration remains incomplete. Mumbai's coastline generates ~18,000 tonnes of beach plastic waste annually; the Versova beach cleanup (begun 2015 by citizen initiative) has removed over 5,000 MT but upstream plastic generation continues.; MPCB Annual Water Quality Report 2023; NMCG Mithi River Status 2024
Industrial pollution — MIDC estates and Tarapur: Maharashtra accounted for 42% of India's industrial effluent volume (CPCB 2022); Maharashtra's MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation) manages 287 industrial estates including Tarapur, Ambernath, Thane–Belapur, Taloja, and Butibori. These collectively discharge the largest volume of industrial effluent in India. Tarapur MIDC (North Mumbai) and Lote Parshuram (Ratnagiri) have repeatedly exceeded CPCB permitted discharge norms. The Ulhas river, which drains several MIDC estates near Ambernath, is one of India's most polluted rivers.; CPCB Industrial Effluent Annual Report 2022; Maharashtra Pollution Control Board 2023
Air quality — Mumbai and Pune (2023-24): Mumbai annual avg PM2.5: ~42 µg/m³; Pune: ~45 µg/m³ (Unhealthy); Both Mumbai and Pune exceed WHO guidelines (5 µg/m³) by 8-9×. Construction dust from mega-infrastructure projects (Mumbai Metro Lines 2A, 7, 3; Thane Ring Road; Nagpur Metro), combined with 35 lakh two-wheelers and diesel trucks, drives particulate pollution. Air quality in Mumbai worsens significantly November–February when temperature inversions trap pollutants over the coastal city.; CPCB Air Quality data 2023-24; IQAir Maharashtra City Rankings 2024

Office-holders

Name	Office	Party · since	Declared cases	Declared qualification	Affidavit
DFDevendra Fadnavis	Chief Minister	BJP· 2024	—	—	—
JDJishnu Dev Varma	Governor	—	—	—	—
RNRahul Narvekar	Speaker, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly	BJP· 2022	—	—	—
SPSunetra Pawar	Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for State Excise, Sports & Youth Welfare and Minority Development & Aukaf	NCP· January 2026	—	—	—
RVRadhakrishna Vikhe Patil	Minister for Revenue & Agriculture	BJP· 2024	—	—	—
ESEknath Shinde	Deputy Chief Minister & Minister for Urban Development and Public Works	SHS· 2024	—	—	—
USUday Samant	Minister for Industries, Large & Medium Enterprises	SHS· December 2024	—	—	—
GMGirish Mahajan	Minister for Water Supply & Sanitation; Rural Development; Jal Jeevan Mission	BJP· December 2024	—	—	—
ATAditi Tatkare	Minister for Women & Child Development	NCP· 2024	—	—	—
CPChandrakant Patil	Minister for Higher & Technical Education	BJP· December 2024	—	—	—
SMSudhir Mungantiwar	Minister for Forest, Cultural Affairs & Fisheries	BJP· December 2024	—	—	—

What the CAG found in this state (2)

Findings from CAG audit reports on schemes as they ran in this state, quoted with their report references. We add no grade of our own.

MGNREGS — Rural Employment Guarantee, MaharashtraReport No. 7 of 2025 (Performance Audit) · 2025

Demand for work, days delivered and what workers were owed, 2019-20 to 2023-24

Of an average 117.98 lakh households registered under MGNREGS in Maharashtra, only 21.97 lakh — 19 per cent — demanded work at all. Of those, 99.73 per cent were offered employment. But of the 19.65 lakh households that actually worked, only 1.71 lakh — 8.70 per cent — got the full 100 days. The state has never conducted the baseline survey the scheme requires to assess how much work will be demanded and when.

What the audit measured

NREGASoft computed ₹34.85 lakh of unemployment allowance owed for failure to provide work over 2019-24; of that, ₹2,268 was paid. ₹5.88 crore of compensation for delayed wages was rejected by joint programme officers on grounds the Act does not provide for. Wages of ₹35.32 crore to unskilled workers were still unpaid in October 2024, and pending liability for skilled wages, material and taxes stood at ₹541.92 crore. Of 25.72 lakh works approved, 5.03 lakh were incomplete and 7.10 lakh had not started; another 3.03 lakh from before 2019-20 were still incomplete. Social audits fell short in 72 to 96 per cent of gram panchayats each year, and of ₹11.22 crore flagged in 1,084 misappropriation cases, recovery in 314 cases worth ₹4.44 crore was still pending.

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State Revenues — Stamp Duty, GST and ExciseReport No. 6 of 2025 (Compliance Audit) · 2025

Whether tax due to the State was assessed and collected, period ended March 2023

Maharashtra cancelled the GST registrations of 43 of 51 taxpayers examined — 32 of them classified as non-genuine and cancelled from inception — but the tax officers never took cognisance of the supplies those taxpayers had made in the intervening period, nor recovered what was due before cancelling. The audit puts the tax not recovered at ₹96.85 crore, plus interest.

What the audit measured

Five taxpayers who filed nil returns were shown by their own e-way bills to have made taxable supplies, making ₹3.53 crore recoverable. Nine more generated e-way bills for goods worth ₹4.90 crore without filing returns at all. In seven of 18 cross-state e-way bills examined, goods worth ₹10.59 crore never reached Maharashtra, leaving ₹1.56 crore of tax unverifiable. On stamp duty, misclassifying a document as an article of agreement cost ₹10.50 crore; undervaluing a single Mumbai property — assessed at ₹62.28 crore against a market value of ₹100.11 crore — cost ₹1.89 crore; an irregular one per cent concession cost ₹1.50 crore; and treating a renewable ten-year licence as a five-year one cost ₹29.71 lakh.

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Election promises

BJP · 2024Mahayuti Sankalp Patra 20242✓6~3✗◌ graded, evidence not yet sourced11 promises

Women & Social Welfare

Ladki Bahin Yojana: increase monthly assistance to ₹2,100 for eligible women
Partly delivered
Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana launched pre-election July 2024 at ₹1,500/month — credited as a decisive factor in Mahayuti's landslide win. As of mid-2026, the promised ₹2,100 rate has not been implemented; 2.34 crore beneficiaries continue at ₹1,500. Budget strain (~₹46,000 crore/year at ₹2,100) cited for the delay.
Three free LPG cylinders per year for every eligible household
Not delivered
Announced as a supplement to PM Ujjwala beneficiaries. Implementation modalities not finalised; no cylinders delivered under this specific promise as of mid-2026. Existing PM Ujjwala subsidy continues separately through central government.

Agriculture & Farmers

Farm loan waiver up to ₹2 lakh for all eligible Maharashtra farmers
Not delivered
Promised prominently in 2024 manifesto. No new comprehensive ₹2 lakh waiver programme launched by mid-2026; Mahayuti continued earlier limited schemes. Maharashtra has a history of incomplete farm debt relief; the 2017 waiver of ₹34,000 crore was still being processed years after it was announced.
Stabilise onion, soybean and cotton prices via dedicated state intervention fund
Partly delivered
Maharashtra continued NAFED-linked procurement for onions and cotton MSP support. However onion prices crashed below ₹1,000/quintal in early 2025 triggering farmer protests, and soybean MSP lagged cost of production. No dedicated state price-stability fund created as specifically promised.
Namo Shetkari Mahasanman Nidhi: ₹6,000/year direct income support to all farmer families
Delivered
Launched June 2023 (pre-election). ₹6,000/year in 3 instalments of ₹2,000 to 1.15 crore farmer families as a state supplement to PM-KISAN (so eligible farmers get ₹12,000/year combined). DBT to Aadhaar-linked accounts. GoMH expenditure ~₹6,900 crore/year. Widely credited alongside Ladki Bahin for Mahayuti's landslide November 2024 win. Among India's highest direct farmer income support by a state government.

Infrastructure & Connectivity

Complete Mumbai Metro Lines 3 and fast-track Lines 9, 12, 14
Partly delivered
Metro Line 3 (Aqua Line — Aarey–BKC–Cuffe Parade, 33.5 km) opened December 2024 under Mahayuti — a major milestone. Lines 2A and 7 operational since 2022. Lines 9, 12, 14 remain in pre-construction or early tender stage; no significant acceleration visible.
Mumbai Coastal Road Phase 2: extend northward to Kandivali
Partly delivered
Phase 1 (Marine Drive–Worli, 10.58 km) opened March 2024. Phase 2 DPR approved for northward extension (~20 km to Kandivali); land acquisition and tendering underway. Completion expected 2027-28.

Economy & Employment

Create 1 crore employment and livelihood opportunities within the term
Partly delivered
Magnetic Maharashtra 2023 summit drew ₹3.37 lakh crore in investment pledges (2,500+ MoUs). Formal employment growth attributable to state policy by 2026 estimated at 15–20 lakh — well short of 1 crore headline target. EV manufacturing, semiconductor and data-centre investments announced but in early stages.
Mukhyamantri Yuva Karya Prashikshan Yojana: ₹10,000/month stipend for 10 lakh unemployed youth aged 18–35
Partly delivered
Announced pre-election October 2024; formally launched in phased manner from mid-2025. State pays ₹6,000/month, industry co-contributes ₹4,000 for a 6-month on-the-job training stipend. Target of 10 lakh beneficiaries. By mid-2026 approximately 2.8 lakh youth enrolled — industry participation uneven, with large corporates engaged but MSME uptake lagging. Critics note the scheme functions as a wage subsidy rather than structured skill training.

Food Security

Mukhyamantri Annapurna Yojana: free food grain (rice/wheat) for 52 lakh families outside NFSA coverage
Delivered
Launched October 2023 as a state supplement to the National Food Security Act (NFSA). Targets ~52 lakh families who hold yellow ration cards but fall outside NFSA entitlement; provides 5 kg of rice or wheat per member per month at no cost. GoMH annual expenditure ~₹6,500 crore. Scheme expanded in 2024 budget ahead of elections. Distribution through fair-price shops (PDS network); beneficiary identification linked to Aadhaar. Widely credited as a key welfare plank in Mahayuti's 2024 election campaign.

Reservation & Social Justice

Implement Maratha reservation in jobs and education; restore OBC quota in local body elections
Not delivered
Maratha reservation (10% under SEBC Act 2024) remains under Supreme Court challenge as of mid-2026; stay on implementation upheld. The SC's 2021 judgment striking down the earlier SEBC Act (2018) has not been reversed; central government's request to include Marathas in OBC list pending at NCBC. OBC reservation in local bodies struck down by SC in 2021 (Vikas Kishan Gawali case) — constitutional amendment required to restore it, which the Centre has not tabled. Manoj Jarange-Patil-led agitation continued into 2026. This was the most politically charged promise in the Mahayuti manifesto and remains entirely unresolved.

SS · 2019MVA Maharashtra Governance Agenda 20192✓8~2✗◌ graded, evidence not yet sourced12 promises

Agriculture & Farmers

Complete farm loan waiver for all distressed Maharashtra farmers
Partly delivered
MVA (Nov 2019–June 2022) extended processing of the 2017 BJP farm loan waiver (₹34,000 crore) for remaining eligible farmers; ~18 lakh additional cases processed. Government collapsed in June 2022 before full implementation. No CAG audit of the 2017 farm loan waiver has been published, so no audited figure for ineligible or duplicate payments is carried here.
Remunerative prices for onion, cotton and soybean farmers via state mechanism
Not delivered
Onion prices crashed to ₹1/kg in November 2019 — within weeks of MVA taking office. NAFED procurement was deployed but volumes inadequate. Price crashes recurred in 2021. MVA failed to create a functional state price-stabilisation mechanism. Farmer distress remained acute in Nashik, Sangli and Marathwada throughout the term.

Environment & Urban

Cancel Aarey Metro car shed; protect 2,700 trees in Aarey Colony
Partly delivered
Uddhav Thackeray's first act (Nov 2019): stopped Aarey tree-felling, cancelled car shed, shifted to Kanjurmarg. Shinde government reversed the decision in June 2022, reverted to Aarey with Supreme Court allowing resumption. The promise was honoured during MVA's tenure but subsequently undone by the successor government.
Accelerate Mumbai Metro Phase 3 (Aqua Line) without further delays
Partly delivered
Line 3 construction continued but Kanjurmarg car-shed dispute (land ownership contest between Centre and Maharashtra) added ~18 months of delays. Supreme Court intervened. Line 3 ultimately opened in December 2024 under Mahayuti — nearly 4 years after the original 2020 target.

Women & Governance

Maharashtra Shakti Act: death penalty for rape, fast-track courts for women's crimes
Delivered
Maharashtra Shakti Criminal Law (Maharashtra Amendment) Act 2020 passed — provides death penalty or life imprisonment for aggravated rape and acid attacks; mandatory fast-track courts in each district. Passed with support of all parties. Considered MVA's most significant legislative achievement in its 2.5-year term.

Healthcare

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya Yojana: expand health insurance to ₹5 lakh for all Maharashtra families
Delivered
MVA government enhanced MJPJAY (earlier Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana) cover from ₹1.5 lakh to ₹5 lakh per family (April 2020), coinciding with COVID-19. 2.23 crore BPL and vulnerable families covered across 1,015+ government and private hospitals. Post-COVID cancer, cardiac and dialysis treatments especially benefited. Scheme merged with Ayushman Bharat in districts not covered under MJPJAY; GoMH contribution ~₹2,800 crore/year.

Governance & Employment

Fill 75,000 vacant state government posts; expedite Maharashtra Public Service Commission recruitments
Partly delivered
MVA government initiated recruitment drives across education, health, police and revenue departments. COVID-19 (2020–21) severely disrupted MPSC exam schedules — exams postponed, answer-key controversies, court stays. Approximately 35,000–40,000 posts filled during the 2.5-year term, well short of 75,000. Backlog of unfilled positions handed over to Shinde government in 2022. MPSC reforms (new exam pattern, normalisation) announced but implementation incomplete.

Rural Development & Irrigation

Marathwada water grid and Vidarbha irrigation package: complete stalled irrigation projects; end farm distress
Partly delivered
MVA revived the Marathwada Water Grid (linking Jayakwadi, Majalgaon and Sina-Kolegaon reservoirs) with fresh tenders after years of stalling; work progressed but completion deferred to 2024+. The Vidarbha Irrigation Backlog Authority (VIDB) received fresh allocations (~₹4,800 crore over MVA's tenure) — 38 projects advanced. The irrigation scam that preceded the MVA — the charge that very large sums spent on irrigation since 1999 barely moved net irrigated area — is not attributed to a CAG report here, because no such report is held. The structural problem was not resolved in 2.5 years; farmer suicides in Vidarbha continued at ~1,200/year through the MVA term.

Women Empowerment

Sakhi Mandal SHG programme: ₹1 lakh revolving credit to all women self-help groups; 10 lakh new SHG members
Partly delivered
MVA expanded the Umeed Mission (Maharashtra State Rural Livelihoods Mission) SHG network. Credit linkage to banks improved; ~6.8 lakh SHGs active by 2022 (up from 5.4 lakh in 2019). However the ₹1 lakh revolving credit target was met for only ~60% of groups; rural bank NPA concerns and COVID disruptions slowed new disbursements. The 10 lakh new member target was approximately 70% achieved. Progress was genuine but short of promises.

COVID-19 Response — Maharashtra

Effective pandemic management; protect Mumbai's health infrastructure; no hospital profiteering
Partly delivered
Maharashtra was India's worst COVID-affected state in both waves. First wave (2020): Mumbai's Dharavi — one of Asia's densest slums — was successfully contained through aggressive contact tracing, quarantining and door-to-door testing (the "Dharavi Model" was internationally cited). Peak first-wave daily cases: 11,000 (Maharashtra, July 2020) — highest in India. Official death toll: 1,47,855 (India's highest by state). Second wave (March-May 2021): hospitals overwhelmed; patients on roads outside BJ Government Hospital Pune; Nashik oxygen tanker leak (April 21, 2021) killed 24 ICU patients. Uddhav government imposed strict lockdowns — economically painful, kept numbers from being worse. Private hospital overcharging scandal: BMC and district courts received 12,000+ overcharging complaints. MJPJAY capping helped reduce some bills. No CAG audit of Maharashtra's Covid relief spending has been published, so no audited figure for procurement irregularities is carried here. Uddhav resigned June 29, 2022 — two months into India's worst COVID third-wave decline period.

MVA Political Collapse — Shinde Rebellion

Form a stable MVA government for the full 5-year term through alliance consensus
Not delivered
The MVA government (Shiv Sena + NCP + Congress, November 2019 – June 2022) lasted only 2 years 7 months — it collapsed when CM Uddhav Thackeray lost the Shiv Sena MLAs to a rebellion led by Eknath Shinde. Timeline: June 21, 2022 — 40+ Shiv Sena MLAs flew to Guwahati (BJP-ruled Assam) supporting Shinde. June 29, 2022 — Uddhav Thackeray resigned as CM and also vacated the official CM residence Varsha (an emotional moment — he had been a COVID patient himself). June 30, 2022 — Shinde sworn in as CM with Devendra Fadnavis as Deputy CM. Supreme Court later (November 2023) ruled the Shinde faction was "not unlawful" but refused to restore MVA; it allowed the 7th Schedule issue (Tenth Schedule anti-defection) to continue without compelling restoration of MVA. Election Commission recognised the Shinde faction as "official" Shiv Sena in February 2023, dealing a body blow to Uddhav. In November 2024 elections, Shinde's Sena won 57 seats vs Uddhav's Sena winning only 20 seats — vindicating Shinde's gamble. The MVA's policy promises were rendered impossible to fulfil when the government collapsed 2.5 years early.

Irrigation & Farmers — Marathwada and Vidarbha

Audit and complete irrigation projects; tackle the legacy of Maharashtra's irrigation scandal
Partly delivered
The Maharashtra irrigation scandal — the charge that very large sums spent on irrigation between 1999 and 2012 raised net irrigated area by a fraction of a per cent — was associated with NCP's Ajit Pawar, then Deputy Chief Minister and Irrigation Minister, and the MVA government, which included him, inherited the liability. The Annual Technical Inspection Report for 2021-22 covers local bodies, not irrigation, so the figures once attributed to it here — a count of incomplete Marathwada projects, their value and their cost overrun — are not carried. Farmer suicide rates in Vidarbha and Marathwada remained above 3,000 per year through the MVA term — the irrigation deficit being a root cause. MVA allocated ₹4,800 crore to VIDB but structural reforms were not implemented.